Oral Antifungal Medicines

Fungal infections are illnesses caused by fungi. They commonly affect the skin or nails, but they can also develop in the mouth, throat, lungs, urinary tract, and other parts of the body. These infections range from mild to life-threatening, and individuals with weakened immune systems face a higher risk of developing them.

Oral antifungal medicines can generally be classified into the following classes*:

1. Allylamines e.g. terbinafine
   
2. Azoles e.g. clotrimazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole
   
3. Polyenes e.g. nystatin
   
4. Other antifungals: e.g. griseofulvin

As with all medicines, oral antifungal medicines can cause side effects. These are usually mild and temporary. Common side effects may include:

• Nausea or vomiting
• Abdominal discomfort or pain
• Diarrhea
• Flatulence
• Headache
• Skin rash
• Indigestion
• Altered taste
• Changes in vision

Occasionally, oral antifungal medicines can cause more severe reactions, such as acute allergic reactions (swelling of your face, neck or tongue, or difficulty in breathing), and severe skin reactions (such as peeling or blistering skin). In rare cases, liver damage or liver toxicity may occur.

In general, oral antifungal medicines should be avoided or used with caution in patients with liver disease, or a history of liver problems caused by other medicines. It is important to be familiar with the signs of liver problems. Seek medical attention immediately if you develop symptoms such as loss of appetite, yellowing of the skin or eyes, unusual fatigue, abdominal pain or dark urine.

Antifungal medicines can interact with many other substances, including dietary supplements and over-the-counter products. For example, taking an antacid can reduce the absorption of certain oral antifungals.

• Strictly adhere to the dosage, duration of treatment and administration instructions prescribed by your doctor.
  
  
• Complete the full course of treatment, even if you start feeling better.
  
  

• It is important to consult your doctor to determine the exact cause of your symptoms and the right treatment plan. Your doctor will prescribe the most suitable drug based on your clinical condition and medical history.
  
  
• Because antifungal medicines interact with many other medicines, always inform your doctor if you are taking other medicines, including over-the-counter medicines or health supplements.
  

• Let your doctor know if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are currently breastfeeding.
  
• Seek medical advice as soon as possible if you experience any unexpected side effects or reactions.
  
• Attend regular medical follow-up appointments as advised by your doctor to monitor your progress safely.
  

Oral antifungal medicines should be stored in a cool dry place. Do not refrigerate unless specified. Always keep medications out of reach and sight of children to prevent accidental ingestion.